Amazon System Design Cheats

Date: 2024-06-22

I will stay laser-focused on my goal.

  1. URL Shortening Service

    • Hint: Use hash functions for URL mapping, a key-value store like Redis for storage, handle collisions with re-hashing or suffix addition, and ensure the system scales horizontally.

    • Diagram: 👤 => 🌐 => 🔀 => 🗄️

  2. Cache System for a Web Application

    • Hint: Use in-memory caches like Redis or Memcached, implement cache eviction policies (LRU, LFU), and ensure cache invalidation on data update.

    • Diagram: 👤 => 🌐 => 🗄️🔄(Redis/Memcached)

  3. Scalable Web Crawling System

    • Hint: Use distributed worker nodes, task queues like RabbitMQ or Kafka, URL deduplication, politeness policies (rate limiting), and storage for crawled data.

    • Diagram: 🌐 => 🐇(RabbitMQ) => 🏗️(Workers) => 🗂️

  4. Online Ticket Booking System

    • Hint: Implement ACID transactions for ticket purchases, use seat locking mechanisms, handle concurrency with optimistic/pessimistic locking, and use load balancers to distribute traffic.

    • Diagram: 👤 => 🌐 => 💳 => 🏷️🔒 => 🗄️

  5. Social Media Feed System

    • Hint: Use a publish-subscribe model with Kafka, maintain denormalized tables for feeds, use ranking algorithms for content relevance, and cache results for fast retrieval.

    • Diagram: 👤 => 🌐 => 📨(Kafka) => 🗂️ => 🗃️

  6. File Storage and Sharing Service

    • Hint: Utilize object storage like AWS S3, implement data redundancy and replication, handle file metadata in a relational database, and secure access with ACLs and encryption.

    • Diagram: 👤 => 🌐 => 🗄️(Metadata) + 🗂️(S3)

  7. Search Autocomplete System

    • Hint: Use trie or prefix tree data structures, cache popular queries, implement type-ahead search with fuzzy matching, and optimize for low-latency responses.

    • Diagram: 👤 => 🌐 => 🌲 => 🗃️

  8. Global Content Distribution Network (CDN)

    • Hint: Deploy edge servers close to users, use caching strategies (TTL, cache hierarchy), implement load balancing, and ensure content invalidation.

    • Diagram: 👤 => 🌐 => 🌎🌍🌏 (CDN)

  9. Messaging System like WhatsApp

    • Hint: Use message brokers like Kafka for message queuing, end-to-end encryption for security, store messages in partitioned databases, and ensure high availability.

    • Diagram: 👤 => 🌐 => 🔐 => 📨(Kafka) => 🗂️

  10. Online Payment System

    • Hint: Ensure security with PCI compliance, use transactional databases, idempotent API endpoints, and multi-layered authentication (2FA, tokens).

    • Diagram: 👤 => 🌐 => 🏦 => 🔒

  11. Real-Time Collaborative Document Editing

    • Hint: Implement operational transformation (OT) or conflict-free replicated data types (CRDTs), use WebSockets for real-time updates, and version control for document states.

    • Diagram: 👤 => 🌐 => 🕸️ (WebSocket) => 📝

  12. Scalable Notification Service

    • Hint: Use a message queue for asynchronous processing, push notification services (e.g., Firebase), store user preferences, and ensure delivery guarantees.

    • Diagram: 👤 => 🌐 => 📨(Queue) => 📲

  13. Recommendation System for E-commerce

    • Hint: Implement collaborative filtering, content-based filtering, use real-time data processing with Spark or Flink, and personalize recommendations with user profiles.

    • Diagram: 👤 => 🌐 => 🧠 => 🗄️

  14. Ride-Sharing Service

    • Hint: Use GPS tracking, implement real-time matching algorithms, use scalable databases for storing ride details, and ensure low-latency communication.

    • Diagram: 👤 => 📍 => 🌐 => 🧮

  15. Real-Time Analytics System

    • Hint: Use stream processing frameworks like Apache Flink, data warehouses like Redshift, and real-time visualization tools like Grafana or Tableau.

    • Diagram: 👤 => 🌐 => 📊 (Flink) => 🗂️

  16. Managing User Sessions Across Devices

    • Hint: Implement centralized session storage with Redis, use session tokens or JWTs, secure cookies, and ensure session expiration policies.

    • Diagram: 👤 => 🌐 => 🗄️ (Redis) => 🔑

  17. Video Streaming Service

    • Hint: Use CDNs for content delivery, adaptive bitrate streaming for various network conditions, video encoding with formats like H.264, and scalable storage for video files.

    • Diagram: 👤 => 🌐 => 📹 => 🌎🌍🌏

  18. Server Performance Monitoring System

    • Hint: Use metrics collection tools like Prometheus, alerting systems like Grafana, log aggregation with ELK stack, and visualize performance data on dashboards.

    • Diagram: 👤 => 🌐 => 📊 => 📉

  19. API Rate Limiter

    • Hint: Implement token bucket algorithms, use distributed rate limiting with Redis, and provide throttling to prevent abuse, logging and monitoring for insights.

    • Diagram: 👤 => 🌐 => ⏳ => 🗄️ (Redis)

  20. Distributed Database

    • Hint: Use data partitioning (sharding), implement replication (master-slave, multi-master), handle consistency with protocols like Paxos or Raft, and optimize for CAP theorem trade-offs.

    • Diagram: 👤 => 🌐 => 📊 => 🗄️

  21. Log Collection and Analysis

    • Hint: Use log aggregation tools like ELK stack, store logs in a distributed file system, index logs for fast search, and analyze logs with Kibana or Grafana.

    • Diagram: 👤 => 🌐 => 📋 => 📊

  22. Microservices Architecture for E-commerce

    • Hint: Implement service discovery (Consul, Eureka), API gateways (Kong, Nginx), container orchestration with Kubernetes, and inter-service communication with gRPC or REST.

    • Diagram: 👤 => 🌐 => 🗄️ (Services) => 🚢 (K8s)

  23. Fault-Tolerant Distributed System

    • Hint: Implement redundancy with replication, use consensus algorithms like Raft, ensure automatic failover, and handle network partitions gracefully.

    • Diagram: 👤 => 🌐 => 🔄 => 🗄️

  24. Scalable Chat Application

    • Hint: Use WebSockets for real-time communication, message queues for asynchronous processing, partition databases for horizontal scaling, and implement read replicas.

    • Diagram: 👤 => 🌐 => 🕸️ (WebSocket) => 📊

  25. Processing Large-Scale Data Streams

    • Hint: Use stream processing frameworks like Kafka Streams, Apache Flink, or Spark Streaming, and scalable storage solutions like HDFS or S3.

    • Diagram: 👤 => 🌐 => 📊 => 🗄️

  26. Geographically Distributed System

    • Hint: Implement data replication across regions, use load balancing to optimize latency, and handle eventual consistency with conflict resolution mechanisms.

    • Diagram: 👤 => 🌐 => 🌎🌍🌏 => 🔄

  27. Load Balancer

    • Hint: Use reverse proxies like Nginx or HAProxy, implement consistent hashing for stateful services, and perform health checks to route traffic away from unhealthy nodes.

    • Diagram: 👤 => 🌐 => 🌀 (Balancer) => 🗄️

  28. Web Analytics System

    • Hint: Use event tracking with tools like Google Analytics or custom solutions, data warehousing with BigQuery, and real-time processing with Spark Streaming.

    • Diagram: 👤 => 🌐 => 📊 => 🗄️

  29. Search Engine for E-commerce Website

    • Hint: Implement inverted indexes, use Elasticsearch or Solr, relevance ranking algorithms, and cache search results for performance.

    • Diagram: 👤 => 🌐 => 🔍 => 🗄️

  30. Real-Time Bidding System for Online Advertising

    • Hint: Use low-latency data processing with Apache Kafka, auction algorithms, bidder management systems, and ensure scalability.

    • Diagram: 👤 => 🌐 => 📨 => 🗄️

  31. Content Recommendation Engine

    • Hint: Implement machine learning models for personalized recommendations, use collaborative and content-based filtering, and perform A/B testing for evaluation.

    • Diagram: 👤 => 🌐 => 🧠 => 🗄️

  32. Multi-Tenant SaaS Application

    • Hint: Implement tenant isolation with separate databases or schemas, use shared infrastructure for efficiency, and manage tenant-specific configurations.

    • Diagram: 👤 => 🌐 => 🗄️ (Tenants) => 🔒

  33. Fraud Detection in Transactions

    • Hint: Use anomaly detection algorithms, real-time data processing with Kafka or Flink, machine learning models, and implement alerts for suspicious activities.

    • Diagram: 👤 => 🌐 => 🧠 => 🚨

  34. Distributed File System

    • Hint:

Use data replication for fault tolerance, implement erasure coding for storage efficiency, handle consistency models, and provide a unified namespace. - Diagram: 👤 => 🌐 => 🗄️ => 🌐

  1. Scalable API Gateway

    • Hint: Use Kong or Nginx for API management, implement rate limiting, authentication, and service discovery, and provide logging and monitoring.

    • Diagram: 👤 => 🌐 => 🌀 (Gateway) => 🗄️

  2. User Permissions and Roles Management

    • Hint: Implement Role-Based Access Control (RBAC), use ACLs for fine-grained permissions, and maintain audit logs for security compliance.

    • Diagram: 👤 => 🌐 => 🔐 => 🗄️

  3. Notification System for Social Media Platform

    • Hint: Use message brokers for queueing notifications, store user preferences, implement delivery guarantees, and provide push notifications.

    • Diagram: 👤 => 🌐 => 📨 (Queue) => 📲

  4. Metrics Collection and Aggregation System

    • Hint: Use time-series databases like InfluxDB, collect metrics with Prometheus, aggregate data for analysis, and visualize with Grafana.

    • Diagram: 👤 => 🌐 => 📊 => 🗄️

  5. A/B Testing System

    • Hint: Implement experiment management, use user segmentation for targeting, collect and analyze data for statistical significance, and iterate based on results.

    • Diagram: 👤 => 🌐 => 🔀 (Test) => 📊

  6. Database Sharding Strategy

    • Hint: Use horizontal partitioning, choose appropriate shard keys, handle rebalancing and resharding, and ensure consistency and availability.

    • Diagram: 👤 => 🌐 => 📊 => 🗄️

  7. Handling High-Traffic Spikes

    • Hint: Implement autoscaling with cloud services, use load balancers to distribute traffic, and implement queueing mechanisms to handle bursts.

    • Diagram: 👤 => 🌐 => 🌀 (Balancer) => 🗄️

  8. Service Discovery for Microservices

    • Hint: Use service registries like Consul or Eureka, implement health checks, provide dynamic configuration, and ensure high availability.

    • Diagram: 👤 => 🌐 => 🗄️ (Services) => 🔍

  9. Scalable Leaderboard System

    • Hint: Use sorted sets in Redis for ranking, implement efficient query mechanisms, handle updates in real-time, and cache results for performance.

    • Diagram: 👤 => 🌐 => 🗄️ (Redis) => 🏆

  10. Real-Time Event Processing System

    • Hint: Use event-driven architecture with Kafka or Kinesis, implement stream processing with Flink, and ensure scalability and fault tolerance.

    • Diagram: 👤 => 🌐 => 📨 (Kafka) => 📊

  11. Backup and Disaster Recovery System

    • Hint: Implement regular data snapshots, automate backups, ensure data redundancy, and create failover plans for quick recovery.

    • Diagram: 👤 => 🌐 => 🗄️ => 🔄 (Backup)

  12. High-Availability System for Critical Services

    • Hint: Use redundancy, implement failover mechanisms, ensure low-latency data replication, and meet SLAs for uptime.

    • Diagram: 👤 => 🌐 => 🔄 => 🗄️

  13. Workflow Orchestration System

    • Hint: Use workflow engines like Apache Airflow, define task dependencies, implement retries and error handling, and provide monitoring.

    • Diagram: 👤 => 🌐 => 🧩 => 📊

  14. Rate-Limiting System for APIs

    • Hint: Implement token bucket or leaky bucket algorithms, use distributed rate limiting with Redis, monitor usage patterns, and provide alerts.

    • Diagram: 👤 => 🌐 => ⏳ => 🗄️ (Redis)

  15. Data Synchronization Across Multiple Regions

    • Hint: Implement eventual consistency, use conflict resolution strategies, replicate data with tools like Cassandra or DynamoDB, and optimize for low-latency access.

    • Diagram: 👤 => 🌐 => 🌎🌍🌏 => 🔄

  16. High-Performance In-Memory Data Store

    • Hint: Use in-memory databases like Redis or Memcached, partition data for scalability, ensure replication for high availability, and optimize data structures for performance.

    • Diagram: 👤 => 🌐 => 🗄️ (Redis) => 💾